Moving to Turkey

Overview

Introduction to Turkey

Turkey, straddling both Europe and Asia, is a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. The bustling city of Istanbul, once known as Byzantium and Constantinople, serves as a bridge between the East and West, offering a unique blend of modernity and tradition. Beyond Istanbul, Turkey boasts stunning landscapes, from the Mediterranean beaches of Antalya to the fairy-tale rock formations of Cappadocia and the ancient ruins of Ephesus. The country’s strategic location, diverse culture, and vibrant cities make it an attractive destination for expatriates. However, those moving to Turkey should be aware of the political complexities, economic fluctuations, and the importance of understanding local customs and regulations.

Why Move to Turkey

Moving to Turkey offers expatriates the chance to experience life in a country that is both modern and deeply rooted in history. The country’s diverse economy, with strong sectors in tourism, manufacturing, and agriculture, provides numerous opportunities for professionals. Turkey’s low cost of living, compared to many Western countries, combined with a high quality of life, makes it an attractive destination. The country’s rich cultural heritage, warm hospitality, and delicious cuisine add to its appeal. However, expatriates should be prepared for the challenges of navigating a different cultural environment, understanding the local language, and dealing with the bureaucratic processes, particularly in terms of visas and residency.

Cost of Living in Turkey

The cost of living in Turkey is generally lower than in many Western countries, making it an appealing destination for expatriates. Housing is affordable, particularly outside major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, where rent prices can vary widely depending on location and type of accommodation. Food is inexpensive, with a wide range of options from local markets to international restaurants. Transportation is also affordable, with an extensive network of buses, trams, and metros in major cities. However, imported goods, electronics, and luxury items can be expensive due to high taxes. While Turkey offers a high standard of living at a reasonable cost, expatriates should budget carefully, particularly for healthcare and international school fees if they have children.

Visa and Residency

Types of Visas

Turkey offers several types of visas, including tourist, business, and work visas. The work visa is the most common for expatriates and requires sponsorship from a Turkish employer. The application process involves submitting various documents, including proof of employment, educational qualifications, and a valid passport. Tourist visas are relatively easy to obtain for short-term stays but do not permit employment. There are also student visas for those enrolled in Turkish educational institutions. It’s important to apply for the correct visa type and ensure all documentation is accurate to avoid delays or complications. For those considering long-term residence, the residence permit (ikamet) is essential.

Requirements for Obtaining Residency

Obtaining residency in Turkey typically begins with securing a work visa or another appropriate visa. Once in the country, expatriates can apply for a residence permit (ikamet), which is necessary for long-term stays. The process involves submitting proof of employment or financial stability, housing arrangements, and a valid passport. The residence permit is generally valid for one to two years and can be renewed as long as the expatriate remains employed or meets the residency requirements. Permanent residency is available under certain conditions, such as long-term residence in Turkey or marriage to a Turkish citizen. The process can be bureaucratic, so it’s advisable to work closely with a legal advisor to navigate it successfully.

Renewing Residency

Renewing residency in Turkey involves extending your visa and residence permit. The renewal process typically requires submitting updated proof of employment, financial stability, and other relevant documents. It’s advisable to start the renewal process well before your current permit expires to avoid any legal issues. Employers often assist with the renewal process for work visas, but it’s crucial to stay informed about any changes in immigration laws and ensure all paperwork is submitted on time. For those on family or student visas, renewals also require documentation proving continued eligibility.

Finding Accommodation

Popular Neighborhoods in Turkey

In Istanbul, popular neighborhoods for expatriates include Beyoğlu, Kadıköy, and Beşiktaş. Beyoğlu is known for its vibrant arts scene, historic architecture, and lively nightlife, making it popular with younger expatriates and professionals. Kadıköy, on the Asian side of Istanbul, offers a more laid-back atmosphere with a mix of modern and traditional homes, bustling markets, and cultural venues. Beşiktaş is a central, upscale area favored by expatriates for its proximity to the Bosphorus, parks, and educational institutions. In Ankara, areas like Çankaya and Gaziosmanpaşa are popular among expatriates, while in Izmir, the Alsancak and Karşıyaka districts are preferred. Housing in these areas can vary widely in price and quality, with options ranging from luxury apartments to more affordable flats and houses.

Renting vs Buying Property

Renting is the most common option for expatriates in Turkey, as it allows for flexibility and avoids the complexities of property ownership in a foreign country. Rental properties are widely available, ranging from modern apartments in urban areas to more traditional houses in suburban neighborhoods. Leases typically require a security deposit and the first month’s rent in advance. Buying property in Turkey is possible for foreigners, particularly for those planning to stay long-term. Foreigners can purchase property in Turkey, although there are some restrictions, such as the amount of land that can be owned. It’s advisable to work with a reputable real estate agent and legal advisor if considering purchasing property in Turkey, especially given the fluctuations in the real estate market and currency exchange rates.

Tips for Finding Accommodation

When searching for accommodation in Turkey, consider factors such as proximity to work, access to public transportation, and availability of amenities like schools, healthcare, and shopping centers. Working with a local real estate agent can be helpful, especially for expatriates unfamiliar with the market. It’s important to inspect properties carefully before signing a lease, as the quality of housing can vary widely. Be prepared to negotiate rental terms, and ensure that all lease agreements are clear and legally sound. Given the high demand for quality housing in popular areas, it’s advisable to start your search early and be prepared to act quickly when you find a suitable property.

Turkey’s location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia offers easy access to neighboring countries, providing ample opportunities for regional travel. For those interested in exploring the region, the historical sites and rich culture of Greece, the vibrant cities of Italy, or the diverse landscapes of Georgia are all within reach.

Settling In

Healthcare System in Turkey

Turkey has a well-developed healthcare system, with both public and private options available. Public healthcare is accessible and generally of good quality, but many expatriates prefer private healthcare facilities, which offer higher standards of care, shorter waiting times, and English-speaking staff. Private healthcare is relatively affordable compared to Western standards, but it’s still advisable to have comprehensive health insurance to cover costs. Turkey’s hospitals and clinics are modern and well-equipped, particularly in major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, making it a reliable place for both routine and specialized medical care. The country also offers a public health insurance system (SGK) that expatriates can join, providing access to a wide range of medical services.

Education System in Turkey

Turkey offers a variety of educational options for expatriate families, including public schools, private schools, and international schools. Public schools follow the Turkish curriculum and teach primarily in Turkish, which can be challenging for non-Turkish-speaking children. Most expatriate families opt for international schools, which offer curricula based on British, American, or International Baccalaureate (IB) systems. These schools are primarily located in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir and are known for their high academic standards, though fees can be high. Early application is recommended, as spaces in international schools can be limited, particularly in popular grades. Turkey also has a range of private schools that offer bilingual education, combining Turkish and international curricula.

Cultural Etiquette and Customs

Turkey is a country with a rich cultural heritage, blending elements from the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Understanding and respecting local customs is important for expatriates. Hospitality is a key aspect of Turkish culture, and it’s common to be invited to homes for meals, where showing appreciation for the food and hospitality is essential. Respect for elders and traditional values is deeply ingrained in Turkish society. Dress codes are generally modest, especially in more conservative areas or when visiting religious sites. Social interactions are often formal, and building personal relationships is important in both social and business settings. Learning some basic Turkish phrases and understanding local customs can greatly enhance your experience and help you integrate more smoothly into Turkish society.